- JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
- John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert,
- indeed,
- that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
- But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
- This was the deadly disease of its day.
- Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
- So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
- John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.
- He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
- He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
- The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
- A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
- The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
- From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
- John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
- So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,
- he was ready to begin his enquiry.
- As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods,
- he began to gather information.
- In two particular streets,
- the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
- He was determined to find out why.
- First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.
- This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.
- Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,
- 37,
- 38 and 40).
- He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.
- He had not foreseen this,
- so he made further investigations.
- He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.
- They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.
- It seemed that the water was to blame.
- Next,
- John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
- He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
- He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
- Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.
- He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
- In another part of London,
- he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
- A woman,
- who had moved away from Broad Street,
- liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
- Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.
- With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
- To prevent this from happening again,
- John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
- The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
- Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.
人教版高三英语必修5 Unit1 Great scientists听力Mp3下载
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人教版高三英语必修5 Unit1 Great scientists听力Mp3下载
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